Driving licence in Canada

In Canada, driver's licences are issued by the government of the province and territory in which the driver is residing. Thus, specific regulations relating to driver's licences vary province to province, though overall they are quite similar. All provinces have provisions allowing non-residents to use licences issued by other provinces and territories, out-of-country licences, and International Driving Permits. Many provinces also allow non-residents to use regular licences issued by other states and countries. Canadian driving licences are also valid in many other countries due to various international agreements and treaties.

Contents

Age of eligibility

Canada's driving age is determined on a province-by-province basis; generally it is 16 to learn, and 17 as the solo driving age.

The driving age in the various Canadian provinces are:

Alberta[1][2]

British Columbia[3][4]

British Columbia has been using a graduated licensing system since August 1998.[6] The program was last revised in October 2003, which involved large changes in the time it took to acquire a licence (previously, a person could complete the Class 7L stage in as little as 3 months, and the Class 7N in 12, and no passenger limit was enforced above Class 7L). Except for people holding a valid driver's licence from other Canadian jurisdictions, Australia, Austria, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, British Columbia requires all new residents to take a driving knowledge test and a road test in order to get a BC driver's licence.[7]

Manitoba[8][9]

New Brunswick[10]

Level 1 – Learners license authorizes a person who is receiving instructions in the operation of a motor vehicle to drive a motor vehicle. Level 2 - authorizes the holder to drive vehicles described in Class 5 with the exception of class 9 (motor driven cycles).

- any vehicle from Class 9 - any two-axle motor vehicle except an ambulance, a taxicab or a bus, - any three-axle motor vehicle, other than a truck, of a type designed for use in the construction, maintenance and repair of highways, whether or not the vehicle is to be so used, and - to tow a towed vehicle which is registered up to and including 4,500 kg gross vehicle mass behind a motor vehicle or motor home referred to herein but not equipped with air brakes.

- any vehicle from Class 5 - an ambulance, - a taxicab, and - bus with a capacity of less than 25 passengers.

- motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 5 licence may operate - two-axle motor vehicle towing a towed vehicle, the towed vehicle being registered for over 4,500 kg gross vehicle mass but not equipped with air brakes, - motor vehicle with three or more axles, and - motor vehicle with three or more axles, towing a towed vehicle not equipped with air brakes.

- motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 3 or 4 licence may operate.

- motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 3, 4 or 5 licence may operate, and - bus with a capacity of more than 24 passengers

- motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 2, 3, 4 or 5 licence may operate, - truck tractor, - truck tractor towing a semi-trailer, - truck tractor towing a semi-trailer and a trailer, - any truck towing a trailer equipped with air brakes, and - truck tractor towing a trailer equipped with air brakes. -truck

All applicants for Class 1, 2, 3, and 4 must have completed the Graduated License Program and have a completed medical.

In addition to a class, a driver's licence may be endorsed with a letter to expand on the types of vehicles that can be driven by the holder of the licence. The endorsements are as follows:

A - valid for all motorcycle B - valid for school bus C - valid for motorcycle and school bus D - valid for motorcycle with engine size exceeding 50 cubic centimeters, but not exceeding 550 cubic centimeters E - valid for vehicles equipped with air brakes F - valid for vehicles equipped with air brakes 21 - valid for motor driven scooters not exceeding 50 cubic centimeters

Prince Edward Island[11]

If you are 16 years or older, you may apply for an Instruction Permit. A instruction permit allows you to drive under supervision to receive instruction. This type of license is valid for two years. Testing Requirements for a Driver's Licence are a written or oral exam, road sign, driving, vision test and Novice Driving or Driver Education Course is required for first-time drivers. An eye test is required if your license is expired more than one year. The classes of license that can be obtained with appropriate training and required testing are as follows:

may operate, any truck-tractor, any truck-tractor towing a semi-trailer, any truck-tractor towing a semi-trailer and a trailer;

may operate, any bus with a capacity of more than 24 passengers, including a school bus.

operate, any motor vehicle exceeding 14,000 kg gross mass, but not including a truck-tractor towing a semi-trailer, any truck-trailer combination exceeding 14,000 kg gross mass, any truck tractor without a trailer, any special mobile equipment;

any motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 5, 8 and 9 may operate, any ambulance, any taxi, any bus with a capacity of fewer than 25 passengers;

any motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 8 and 9 may operate, any motor vehicle not exceeding 14,000 kg gross mass, except an ambulance, taxi, motorcycle, bus or a truck-tractor, any motor vehicle not exceeding 14,000 kg gross mass towing a vehicle which does not exceed the gross mass of 4,500 kg;

any motor vehicle which the holder of a Class 8 and 9 may operate any motorcycle;

a motor vehicle requiring a Class 5, 6 or 8 driver’s license without holding such a license if the person is receiving instruction in the operation of the motor vehicle and is accompanied by another person who holds a valid driver’s license of the class required for the vehicle

any moped;

any farm tractor.

Newfoundland and Labrador[12]

In Newfoundland and Labrador, one can apply for a learner's licence for Class 5 vehicles (passenger car or light truck) at the age of 16 and cannot obtain their licence until turning 17,(unless you are a graduate of Young Drivers of Canada) as well as Class 6 vehicles (motorcycles).[13] Upon completion and pass of a written knowledge test and a vision test, a Class 5 Level I licence will be issued. This licence, commonly referred to as a "learner's permit" restricts holders to one passenger in the vehicle, a licensee of no less than 4 years, a blood alcohol level of 0% and no driving between 12am and 5am. A "novice driver" sign must also be placed on the rear windshield. Parental consent is required for applicants under the age of 19.[14]

After 12 months in Level I, or 8 months with the completion of a government-approved driving school program containing both classroom and in-car training, a road test can be taken to advance to Level II. Upon successful completion of the road test, one is advanced to Level II of the graduated licensing program. Level II lasts for 12 months and carries less restrictions than the initial stage. Passengers are permitted during the day but between 12am and 5am, the Level II driver must be accompanied by a licensed driver with 4 years driving experience and cannot have any other passengers in the vehicle. The drivers' Blood Alcohol Content must remain at 0% in this stage.

After 12 months in Level II, the driver is automatically advanced to a full Class 5 licence (unless their licence was suspended in the learners stage).

Newfoundland and Labrador uses a demerit point system. In two years, a driver can accumulate a maximum of 12 points, although in the novice stage, a maximum of 6 points can be accumulated.[15]

The classes in Newfoundland and Labrador are as follows[16]:

Nova Scotia[17]

Ontario[19]

Graduated Licensing System for Passenger Vehicles

Graduated Licensing System for Motorcycles:

Additional Licensing Types for Ontario:

Ontario has used a graduated licensing system since 1994. A driver can take as little as 20 months to get a full licence, however a driver must have a full (G) licence within five years of obtaining a learners permit (G1).

In 2006, Ontario passed legislation that would allow a court to suspend the licence of high school dropout until they turn 18. But the Act did not received royal assent until December 2009 and is now in effect.[22][23]

Traffic violation convictions usually come with demerit points against your licence. While the demerit points have no official impact on insurance rates, most insurance providers will increase the rate charged to a driver in response to demerit points. The demerit points are used by the Ministry of Transportation to determine licence suspensions due to repeated traffic violations (Effects on Ontario insurance rates and eligibility are typically measured by the number of tickets received in recent years, rather than the associated points).

Drivers from out of province must obtain an Ontario driver's licence if staying more than 90 days. New residents must apply after 60 days of living in Ontario.

Starting June 2009, Ontario began issuing Enhanced Drivers Licences (EDLs) as an option to residents upon request. These licence while almost visually identical to regular drivers licences contained 2 distinct differences. The first being a machine readable code printed on the back of the card (visually similar to the same coding on a Canadian Passport). The second: an embedded RFID microchip. These changes were made in response to the heightened security precautions at US land border crossings. The changes allow for quicker procedures at a border crossing as well as a cheaper alternative to a Canadian Passport ($40 vs. $100).

Quebec[24]

During the Learning period the applicant must have held a Class 3 learner's licence for 3 months OR for 1 month if the applicant is aged 25 or over; or has 60 months cumulative experience as a holder of a Class 5 licence.

accumulating demerit points or a driving-related Criminal Code offence

During the Learning period the applicant must have held a Class 2 learner's licence for 3 months OR for 1 month if aged 25 or over; or has 60 months cumulative experience as a holder of a Class 5 licence. Note: For an applicant who meets one of these three requirements, the one-month period may be substituted by a training program that includes at least 20 driving hours on the public roadway with a vehicle covered by a class 2 licence. An additional 'certificate of competence' is required in the case of a schoolbus and there are endorsements for Air brake system (F endorsement) Manual transmission (M endorsement)

During the Learning period the applicant must have held a class 1 learner's licence for 3 months OR for 1 month if the applicant is aged 25 or over; or has 60 months cumulative experience as a holder of a class 5 licence; or is registered in the truck driving training program which leads to the Diploma of Vocational Studies issued by the Ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport and has successfully completed all mandatory sections of the program required to drive on the road without an accompanying rider; or already has a class 2 or 3 driver's licence.

Saskatchewan[25]

Classes

Endorsements

Class 5 - Novice 1 (6 months)

Class 5 - Novice 2 (12 months)

Class 6 - Motorcycle Learner

Class 7 - Learner (9 months)

Enhanced driver's licences

Along with numerous U.S. states, several provinces have implemented their own Enhanced Driver's Licence (EDL) programmes for Canadian citizens that includes proof of citizenship to comply with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative for entering the United States. Provinces issuing EDLs include Manitoba[26], Quebec[27], British Columbia [28] and Ontario.[29]

External links

References